Ontario Power Generation has inked an initial contract in what promises to be a decade-long, multi-billion-dollar refurbishment of its Darlington nuclear plant – the province’s largest-ever nuclear rejuvenation undertaken in one go.
At the same time, the provincial NDP argues the deal’s a rush job on ambitious project that doesn’t have enough data to back it up, and is still awaiting final go-ahead from Canada’s environmental watchdog.
For $600-million, SNC-Lavalin Group (SNC-T38.861.463.90%) and will spend the next three years on “planning and preparation” for a single crucial aspect of refurbishing Darlington’s four reactors – the massive, drum-like calandria housing fuel bundles of uranium, and the feeding tubes that carry heavy water to and from each reactor’s core.
That planning phase includes the construction of a life-size replica reactor for engineers to practise on. And practise, and practise, until they’re able to fit finicky nuclear parts in their sleep – or in an eight-year schedule so exacting it’ll be measured out in 30-minute intervals.
When you’re working to refurbish a nuclear reactor piece by piece, there’s no room for error, but there’s no room for trial-and-error, either: Workers can only spend a strictly limited amount of time exposed to highly radioactive sites; they can’t spend hours futzing around until they find something that works.
“If you’re working on something like a turbine, you can be there all day. … You can’t do that in a reactor, ‘’cause you’re limited in how long you can be there. You’re only allowed a certain dose of radiation a year,” said OPG spokesman Ted Gruetzner.
“It’s a lesson we’ve learned from other projects that have run into trouble.”
The mock reactor is the first of its kind on this scale. It’ll be built on a field near the Darlington plant, Durham Region, just east of Toronto.
The exceptional step, and the long time period set aside for planning alone, is no mistake: Energy Minister Chris Bentley says Ontario’s learning from others’ experience: Costly overruns at a nuclear refurbishment project at Point Lepreau in New Brunswick, for example, sent the project years behind schedule and millions over budget.
“That is a completely, fundamentally different approach,” he said. “It’s fine-tuned planning, basically.”
Actual construction work on refurbishing the nuclear plant is supposed to begin in 2016, with workers taking each of the four reactors offline one by one. It’s expected to wrap up in 2024.
While Ontario Power Generation won’t give a firm price tag on the total cost of the project because several aspects have yet to be tendered, Mr. Gruetzner said it could range from $6-billion to $10-billion.
For that price tag, the province hopes to rejuvenate four reactors, all in their early 20s, to give them another 25 years of useful life.
With a total maximum output of 3,500 megawatts, Darlington is Ontario’s largest single power source.
At the same time, OPG is waiting for approval from federal and provincial governments to move forward on new reactors at the same site. Last year, it went through an environmental assessment on an application for up to four new reactors.
“I’m not in a position to speak to any further details about that,” Mr. Bentley said. “We’re still working on it.”
Last year SNC-Lavalin bought up the reactor-refurbishing arm of Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd., previously an arms-length Crown corporation. Mr. Bentley said AECL’s absence in the bidding period for this latest refurbishment didn’t affect the province’s price tag.
Ontario New Democrat MPP Peter Tabuns argues the province is flying blind - embarking on a multi-billion-dollar project without a sufficiently detailed energy plan for the province’s future.
“They have not brought forward a business plan on this, that I’m aware of. They don’t have a power supply plan,” he said. “We have no review showing whether we even need this, frankly.”
Mr. Tabuns also noted the refurbishment’s still awaiting the green light from the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, due later this year. Mr. Gruetzner said the anticipated verdict on OPG’s environmental assessment of the project shouldn’t disrupt their timelines.
In last fall’s election the Liberals faced pressure, especially from the provincial NDP, to shift away from radioactive sources of electricity. But Mr. Bentley said the province has no plans to put the brakes on nuclear power.
The provincial Liberals have gone to great pains to focus on renewable energy - losing support from wind-power’s rural opponents in the process. But those in charge of regulating the power-hungry province’s electricity needs say green energy by its nature is extremely unpredictable; it doesn’t look as though the province will be able lessen its reliance on nuclear any time soon.
“Nuclear has been a very important part of our baseload. … It will continue to be,” he said. “It’s an important part of our ability to supply reliable, affordable power.”
OTTAWA — With the approaching anniversary of the Fukushima nuclear disaster as a backdrop, Ontario's top energy executive is urging Canada's nuclear industry not to retreat in the face of renewed public skepticism.
"While other jurisdictions may be scaling back their nuclear energy commitment because of Fukushima, we are not," Tom Mitchell, president and CEO of Ontario Power Generation (OPG), declared in an address Thursday to several hundred Ottawa delegates at the Canadian Nuclear Association's annual conference.
Nations around the world are reconsidering plans for increased reliance on nuclear power, while others, such as Germany, have vowed to pull the plug on nuclear power altogether as a result of Fukushima.
But instead of retrenching, Mitchell told the crowd that the worst nuclear accident in 25 years has given the industry "a great opportunity."
"It's once again made people aware of nuclear energy. It may have put some aspects of the industry on the spot. But it's also put us in the spotlight."
OPG owns and operates 10 CANDU reactors at Ontario's Darlington and Pickering nuclear stations, and Mitchell said the public utility is pressing ahead with plans to refurbish and to expand Darlington.
Combined with eight other OPG-owned reactors leased to the private operator, Bruce Power at Kincardine, Ont., nuclear generation now supplies close to 60 per cent of Ontario's energy needs.
Following Fukushima, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission ordered OPG and other nuclear operators to thoroughly assess the safety of their operations.
"What we will do — and are doing — is incorporating the lessons of Fukushima into our refurbishment and new build planning and design. That is a definite commitment on our part," Mitchell said.
One key lesson is "the absolute necessity to guard against external events, specifically those that threaten to overwhelm the design basis of the plant's systems and equipment," as the tsunami did at Fukushima. (When the Tohoku earthquake hit that day, all three of the plant's operating reactors shut down automatically as designed and emergency generators operated until sea water disabled them.)
Mitchell said OPG has almost a dozen Fukushima-related projects underway or planned by the end of 2016.
Already, equipment that operates independently of any electrical source has been installed at one Pickering reactor to help mitigate potential and dangerous hydrogen gas buildups, as happened at Fukushima. Three other Pickering reactors are to be similarly upgraded this year.
Mitchell said "significant progress" also has been made securing emergency, portable diesel generators and pumps that can supply critical electrical power for essential fuel cooling. Four new diesel-driven pumps and a diesel generator are now stationed at Darlington.
The crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant began unfolding last March 11 when the 9.0-magnitude earthquake triggered a wild series of tsunamis along Japan's northeast coast. More than 25,000 people were killed, injured or went missing.
A 15-metre-high wall of sea water flooded the plant and knocked out the emergency cooling systems for three reactor cores, causing the uranium fuel to overheat. Over the following three days, the cores largely melted down. Additional systems used to cool thousands of deadly spent fuel rods also failed.
The resulting buildup of hydrogen gas soon detonated, destroyed one of the reactor buildings and spewed radioactive contamination over a wide swath of the countryside. Contaminated sea water also escaped. Cleanup costs are estimated at hundreds of billions of dollars.
This week, scientists reported the contamination has been detected as far as 640 kilometres off Japan in the Pacific Ocean, with water showing readings of up to 1,000 times more than prior levels.
But those results for the radioactive isotope cesium-137 are far below the levels generally considered harmful, either to marine animals or people who eat seafood, said Ken Buesseler of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Mitchell said the renewed attention on nuclear power is an opportunity to address some "misconceptions" about the industry and nuclear science.
"Like the fact that the management of nuclear waste is somehow this big vulnerability in our industry — and not one of our greatest strengths. Which it is."
Investing for the future management of that nuclear waste has been less successful. For the nine months ended Sept. 30, 2011, OPG's net income decreased by $278 million compared to the same period in 2010, primarily as a result of lower investment earnings from $11 billion in funds set aside for future nuclear plant decommissioning and for nuclear waste disposal.
Mitchell said there is also considerable misinformation on the issue of radiation.
"Yes, we need to respect even small quantities of radiation. Our industry always has. But we also need to convey to people that it's been proven that radiation can be measured, controlled and handled very safely in ways that deliver huge benefits to society, in science, in medicine and in energy," he said.
"Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, Fukushima. These words are perpetual reminders that we can never be complacent, and that safety, despite our industry's excellent record, can never be taken for granted.
"As an industry, we have not been complacent. We are a better and safer industry after (Three Mile Island in 1979), than before. We are a better and safer industry after Chernobyl (in 1986), than before. And we are — and will be — a better and safer industry after Fukushima, than before.
"Which is why I believe our industry will not fade. It will not grow obsolete. It will thrive."
